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	SECTION 03051
	CONCRETE COLOR ADDITIVE
	For best results, display hidden notes to specifier.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Davis Colors concrete color additives. . This section is based on products of Davis Colors, located at: 7101 Muirkirk Road 3700 E. Olympic Boulevard Beltsville, MD 20705 Los Angeles, CA 90023 Tel: (800) 800-6856 Tel: (800) 800-6856 Tel: (301) 210-3400 Tel: (323) 269-7311 Fax: (301) 210-4967 Fax: (323) 269-1053 Visit our Web site at www.daviscolors.com . Davis Colors add color to the design of concrete floors, paving, and structures. Integral colors are economical to use because they are mixed right in and require little additional labor. In addition, integral colors are permanent and do not require periodic refinishing as can coatings and applied finishes. Davis Colors are made with pure, concentrated pigments especially milled for mixing into concrete. They are lightfast, alkali-resistant, weather resistant, and formulated to give long-lasting appeal to concrete. .
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Color Seal II, Davis Colors, Mix-Ready, W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal are trademarks of Davis Colors. Qualified design and construction professionals may copy this section for preparation of construction specifications. Davis Colors can also be used to color concrete masonry units, masonry mortar, concrete unit pavers, concrete roofing tile, and other concrete products. Contact Davis Colors for guide specifications for these products or modify this section as required.
	PART 1	GENERAL
	1.1	SECTION INCLUDES
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Edit items below as required for project. This section is written under the assumption that the basic requirements for the work are specified in at least one other section, leaving only the provisions relating to the color additive in this section. Note that an exact color match between concrete specified in different sections may not be practical because of the differences in the manufacturing and construction processes; make final color approvals on the basis of mock-ups.
		A.	Requirements For Color Additive Used In:
			1.	Portland cement concrete paving specified in Section 02751.
			2.	Stamped pattern concrete paving specified in Section _____.
			3.	Cast-in-place concrete specified in Section 03300.
			4.	Architectural concrete specified in Section 03330.
			5.	Exposed aggregate concrete specified in Section 03365.
			6.	Precast concrete specified in Section 03400.
			7.	Architectural precast concrete specified in Section 03451.
			8.	Tilt-up precast concrete specified in Section 03470.
	1.2	RELATED SECTIONS
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete section below if not relevant to this project; add others as required.
		A.	Section 07900 - Joint Sealers: Colored sealants for joints.
	1.3	REFERENCES
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Other applicable sections should reference appropriate standards for the basic work: . For concrete: ACI 301, ACI 304, ACI 305R, ACI 306R, ACI 318. For precast concrete: PCI MNL 116, 120, 122. For paving: ACI 316R. For tilt-up: ACI C4. . For a copy of ASTM C 979, contact Davis Colors. . Other useful publications about colored concrete include: ACI 303R - Cast-In-Place Architectural Concrete Work. PCA PA124.H - Finishing Concrete Slabs with Color and Texture. PCA SP021A - Color and Texture in Architectural Concrete.
		A.	ASTM C 309 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete; American Concrete Institute.
		B.	ASTM C 979 - Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete.
	1.4	SUBMITTALS
		A.	Submit under provisions of Section 01300.
		B.	[ Product Data ]: Manufacturer's specifications and instructions for color additives and curing compounds.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete the following paragraph if colors have been pre-selected and are specified.
		C.	Samples for Concrete Color Selection: Color additive manufacturer's color chart or sample chip set; indicate color additive number and required dosage rate. Submittals are for general verification of color and may vary somewhat from concrete finished in field according to Specifications.
		D.	Samples for Verification of Concrete Color: Sample chips of specified colors indicating color additive numbers and required dosage rates. Submit-tals are for general verification of color and may vary somewhat from concrete finished in field according to Specifications.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Aggregate and sand submittals are not for determining color, but rather to identify materials to be used in the mock-up so that batch materials can be checked against submittals later.
		E.	Samples of Aggregate and Sand.
		F.	Samples for Verification of Precast Concrete: _____ samples, 2 by 2 feet (610 by 610 mm) indicating concrete color range, texture, and uniformity.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Form Facing Materials, Surface Retarders, and Form Release Agents specified in other Sections of these Specifications, all may have an impact on color. Include any or all of the following three paragraphs as applicable to the project, inserting appropriate Section number(s).
		G.	Samples of Form Facing Materials: Coordinate submittal with materials specified in Section _____.
		H.	Samples of Surface Retarder: Coordinate submittal with materials specified in Section _____.
		I.	Samples of Form Release Agents: Coordinate submittal with materials specified in Section _____.
	1.5	QUALITY ASSURANCE
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Specify a mock-up to demonstrate that proposed materials and workmanship produce acceptable appearance and color. Note: Samples submitted for color selection can be used only for general color selection; actual colors in completed work will differ -- use the mock-up. If color additive is used for more than one application it may be necessary to construct a mock-up for each, due to differences in methods that might change the result.
		A.	Mock-Up: Provide full-scale mock-up to demonstrate methods of obtaining consistent visual appearance.
			1.	Coordinate mock-up requirements with mock-ups specified in other sections; same mock-up may be used for more than one purpose.
			2.	Construct at least one month before start of actual work, using materials and methods to be used in actual work.
			3.	Paving: 4 by 4 feet (1.2 by 1.2 m).
			4.	Precast Concrete: Construct mock-up in plant or on site.
			5.	Locate mock-up on site.
			6.	Retain samples of materials used in mock-up for comparison with materials used in remaining work.
			7.	Accepted mock-up constitutes visual standard for work.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete one of the following two subparagraphs.
			8.	Mock-up may remain.
			9.	Remove mock-up when no longer required for comparison with finished work.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Specify preconstruction conference if job is complex.
		B.	Preconstruction Conference: Conduct a review of procedures required to produce specified results.
	1.6	DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
		A.	Color Additives: Comply with manufacturer's instructions. Deliver to site or batch plant in original, unopened packaging. Store in dry conditions.
	1.7	PROJECT CONDITIONS
		A.	Plant-Mixed Concrete: Schedule delivery of concrete to provide consistent mix times from batching until discharge.
		B.	Concrete Paving: Schedule placement to minimize exposure to wind and hot sun before curing materials are applied. Avoid placing concrete if rain, snow or frost is forecast within 24 hours. Protect fresh concrete from moisture and freezing.
		C.	Formed Concrete: Schedule work to minimize differences in curing conditions. When possible, apply curing compound as soon as forms are stripped.
		D.	Tilt-Up Concrete: Schedule work to minimize differences in time that panels remain on casting slab in order to minimize differences in curing conditions. When possible, apply curing compound to panels as soon as they are put into place.
	PART 2	PRODUCTS
	2.1	MANUFACTURERS
		A.	Concrete Color Additives: Provide products manufactured by Davis Colors, 7101 Muirkirk Road, Beltsville, MD 20705; ASD. Tel: (800)800-6856 or (301) 210-3400. Fax: (301) 210-4967; or 3700 E. Olympic Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90023; ASD. Tel: (800) 800-6856 or (323) 269-7311. Fax: (323) 269-1053; Web Site: www.daviscolors.com
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete one of the following two paragraphs; coordinate with Division 1 requirements.
		B.	Requests for substitutions will be considered in accordance with provisions of Section 01600.
		C.	Substitutions: Not permitted.
	2.2	COLORS
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete all but one of the following descriptions of required concrete colors. Use the first paragraph to allow selection of colors from the Davis Color Selector. The Davis Color Selector groups colors into three color lines to allow more accurate cost estimating and bidding. . Use the second paragraph to specify a color to match an existing sample, either in small size located in a place the contractor can visit, or on an existing building. Use the third paragraph if neither of the first 2 options is appropriate.
		A.	Concrete Colors: Match colors selected by Architect from color additive manufacturer's color lines.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select color group from one of the following three subparagraphs as required for the project.
			1.	Subtle color line.
			2.	Standard color line.
			3.	Premium color line.
			4.	Allow for up to two colors on Project.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete subparagraph above or below as required for the project; insert quantity if subparagraph below is selected.
			5.	Allow for up to ___ colors on Project.
		B.	Concrete Colors: Provide cement, aggregate, and color additive as required to match ____________.
		C.	Concrete Colors: Provide cement, aggregate, and color additive as required to produce consistent colors using the materials specified.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** The colors of all the materials affect the final appearance. Use the following paragraphs to specify the colors required for the third option above. Following are examples specifying simple walls and floors. If other applications are required with different colors, copy one set of paragraphs and subparagraphs, identifying each application with a different name.
		D.	Exterior Walls:
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Gray cement is standard. White cement may be needed to produce some colors, particularly pastel colors, but may be more expensive than gray cement.
			1.	Cement: Gray.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete all but one of the following three subparagraphs. Selection of actual colors before bidding is the preferred method, as the color and the dosage rate can significantly affect the cost. Typical dosage rates range from 1 to 5 percent and must not exceed 10 percent.
			2.	Color Additive: Colors and dosage rates as indicated on drawings.
			3.	Color Additive: Davis Colors color additive No.___ at dosage rate of ___ percent.
			4.	Color Additive: Color to be selected by Architect from Davis Colors color lines.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select color group from one of the following three subparagraphs as required for the project.
				a.	Subtle color line.
				b.	Standard color line.
				c.	Premium color line.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** The following two subparagraphs should be included only if colors have not yet been selected.
				d.	Allow for ____ different color additives.
				e.	Allow for up to ___ percent dosage for each color.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Include subparagraph below if white sand is required. White sand may be used with exposed aggregate finishes for a lighter colored concrete.
			5.	Sand: Manufactured white sand.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete subparagraph below if standard concrete aggregate is acceptable. Otherwise, define both what the aggregate is and what color it is.
			6.	Aggregate: ______________.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Some fabricators prefer to pour panels in two layers. Delete the following subparagraph if not acceptable for precast.
			7.	Precast Concrete: At Contractor's option, uncolored concrete may be used for concealed portions, provided colored face layer is fully bonded to backing.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete the following subparagraph if two layer fabrication is not acceptable for tilt-up.
			8.	Tilt-Up Precast Concrete: At Contractor's option, uncolored concrete may be used for concealed portions, provided colored face layer is fully bonded to backing.
		E.	Concrete Floors:
			1.	Cement: Gray.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete all but one of the following three subparagraphs. Selection of actual colors before bidding is the preferred method, as the color and the dosage rate can significantly affect the cost. Typical dosage rates range from 1 to 5 percent and must not exceed 10 percent.
			2.	Color Additive: Colors and dosage rates as indicated on drawings.
			3.	Color Additive: Davis Colors color additive No. ___ at dosage rate of ___ percent.
			4.	Color Additive: Color to be selected by Architect from Davis Colors color lines.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select color group from one of the following three subparagraphs as required for the project.
				a.	Subtle color line.
				b.	Standard color line.
				c.	Premium color line.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** The following two subparagraphs should be included only if colors have not yet been selected.
				d.	Allow for ____ different color additives.
				e.	Allow for up to ___ percent dosage for each color.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Exposed aggregate finishes change color as the aggregate is exposed, because the cement paste is washed off and the color of the sand and aggregate become more visible.
			5.	Sand: Locally available natural sand.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete subparagraph below if standard concrete aggregate is acceptable. Otherwise, define both what the aggregate is and what color it is.
			6.	Aggregate: ________.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete non-slip aggregate if not required for surface of floor slabs or paving. Silicon carbide gives a sparkling appearance; aluminum oxide does not.
			7.	Non-Slip Aggregate: Black silicon carbide.
			8.	Non-Slip Aggregate: Gray aluminum oxide grains.
	2.3	MATERIALS
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** In general, integrally colored concrete can be specified with the same cements, aggregates, reinforcing, forms, and admixtures used in high-quality uncolored concrete. Specify here any different materials that are needed to produce the colored work required.
		A.	Colored Concrete Additive: Made with pure, concentrated mineral pigments especially processed for mixing into concrete and complying with ASTM C 979.
			1.	Base dosage rates on weight of portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, lime and other cementitious materials but not aggregate or sand.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete one of the two following subparagraphs. Unlike all other Davis Colors, Supra-Instant Black No. 8084 and No. 807 are specially treated carbon blacks. While highest in coloring power and the most economical to install, No. 8084 and No. 807 can gradually fade if concrete is not sealed against water penetration. They are also incompatible with most air-entraining admixtures. Do not use carbon black at exterior or wet locations. Where carbon black is not acceptable, black iron oxide pigments should be used to create black or gray concrete.
			2.	Color additives containing carbon black are acceptable.
			3.	Color additives containing carbon black are not acceptable.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Mix-Ready disintegrating bags simplify use of color additives. Toss unopened Mix-Ready bags directly into concrete mixer. Bags travel deep into mix and disintegrate under mixing action, so there is less colored dust released into air and no empty sacks to litter job site. Premeasured bags make it easy to add the right amount of color additives without weighing. Additional packaging systems are also available for convenience of ready mix plant operators.
			4.	Packaging: If color additives are to be added to mix at site, furnish color additives in premeasured Mix-Ready disintegrating bags to minimize job site waste.
		B.	Admixtures: Do not use calcium chloride admixtures.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete one of the following two paragraphs. Use only curing compounds specifically recommended for use with colored concrete. Davis Colors W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal allows the natural appearance of colored concrete to show. Color Seal II, which is tinted, gives the surface a semi-transparent coat of color for a more uniform appearance. Do not use Color Seal II on exposed aggregate finishes.
		C.	Curing Compound for Colored Concrete: Davis Colors W-1000 Clear Cure & Seal; complying with ASTM C 309.
		D.	Curing Compound for Colored Concrete: Davis Colors Color Seal II tinted to match colored concrete; ASTM C 309.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete any of the following material specifications if the appropriate provisions are made in the other applicable sections. Porous materials, like lumber or unfaced plywood, can absorb moisture from fresh concrete, causing uneven curing and colors. Decorative form liners provide textured or patterned relief on the concrete surface and increase the design possibilities with colored concrete. Leakage through joints in forms changes the water-to-cement ratio near the joint, leading to a change in color.
		E.	Form Facing Material: Non-porous surface; steel, plastic, or high-density overlaid plywood, as permitted by applicable specification; with watertight joints, sealed to prevent leakage.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Insert form liner manufacturer's name, material, and pattern in paragraph below.
		F.	Form Liners: ____________________________________.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Conventional metal form ties can rust if not properly recessed and plugged. Colored fiberglass ties blend with concrete when ground flush to surface and do not rust.
		G.	Form Ties: Fiberglass rods tinted to match concrete.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Use corrosion-resistant chairs and supports to prevent rust stain on face of concrete.
		H.	Supports for Reinforcing Bars: Use corrosion-resistant types at locations in contact with exposed surfaces.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Be sure that the applicable sections specify a form release agent that is non-staining and minimizes formation of "bug-holes" in surface of concrete.
	2.4	MIXES
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** When specifying concrete mix, 4 inch slump is recommended. If greater workability is required, redesign mix to use water-reducing or super-plasticizing admixture instead of adding water. Low water-cement ratio promotes richer, darker concrete colors.
		A.	Concrete Mix: Mix color additives in accordance with manufacturer's instruc-tions, until color additives are uniformly dispersed through-out mixture and disintegrating bags, if used, have dis-integrated.
	PART 3	EXECUTION
	3.1	FORMED SURFACES
		A.	See applicable sections.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** See ACI 301 and PCA Color and Texture in Architectural Concrete for information about formed finishes. . The following finishes will have more uniform color than smooth as-cast finishes: Textured form liner finish. Exposed aggregate, scrubbed finish. Exposed aggregate, blast finish. Exposed aggregate, tooled finish. . Removing forms when concrete is at various ages can result in color variations.
		B.	Stripping: Leave forms in place as long as practical. Remove forms when concrete has reached a consistent age to maintain uniformity of curing conditions throughout Project.
			1.	Minimize differences in curing conditions.
			2.	When possible, apply curing compound as soon as forms are stripped.
		C.	Sandblasted Finish: Allow concrete to cure to sufficient strength that it will not be damaged by blasting but not less than seven days.
	3.2	FLOORS AND PAVING
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** The following are just two of many possible finishes with integrally colored concrete. Finishing Concrete Slabs with Color and Texture published by Portland Cement Association is a useful guide and includes photographs of these and other finishes.
		A.	See applicable sections for additional requirements.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Brooming provides an attractive, slip-resistant surface. Applying broomed finish to floated concrete saves the extra step of troweling and can produce a more uniformly colored surface.
		B.	Broomed Finish: Do not dampen brooms.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** The smooth, dense surface produced by troweling may not provide adequate slip resistance outdoors or in wet areas. Over-troweling or starting troweling late may produce discolored burns or dark spots.
		C.	Trowel Finish: Do not over-trowel or start troweling late.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete the following paragraph if not required. Edit the rate of application as required.
		D.	Non-Slip Aggregate Finish: Uniformly spread aggregate over surface at 1/4 lb/sq ft (1.2 kg/sq m) and lightly trowel to embed in surface.
	3.3	PATCHING CONCRETE
		A.	Fill holes and defects in concrete surface within 48 hours of form removal.
		B.	Use the same patching materials and techniques that were approved on mock-up.
		C.	Make patches with a stiff mortar made with materials from the same sources as the concrete. Adjust mortar mix proportions so dry patch matches dry adjacent concrete. Add white cement to mortar mix if necessary to lighten it.
		D.	Exposed Aggregate Finish: Add aggregate to mortar mix so patches will have the same texture and appearance as adjacent concrete.
	3.4	CURING CONCRETE
		A.	Maintain concrete between 65 and 85 F (18 to 29 C) degrees during curing.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Curing with an approved curing compound is recommended whenever possible. Curing with steam or water can change the water-cement ratio of the concrete, causing a change in the concrete's color. Curing with plastic sheets or non-approved compounds can also discolor concrete.
		B.	Cure concrete using curing compound; apply curing compound in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** If other techniques are required due to precast manufacturing processes, verify that appearance of resulting concrete is acceptable. Note that sand blasting or other exposed aggregate finishes are less affected by curing method.
			1.	Precast Concrete: If use of curing compound is not practical, use curing techniques which have been shown to adequately cure concrete and which produce acceptable color and appearance.
	3.5	TOLERANCES
	** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** As with any natural material, some variation in appearance is a normal design feature of concrete, whether colored or not. Note that concrete lightens as it cures; allow up to 28 days for process to occur.
		A.	Minor variations in appearance of colored concrete, which are similar to natural variations in color and appearance of unpigmented concrete, are acceptable.
	END OF SECTION