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| | | Visual Characteristics: |
| | | | Stained Sapwood: Allowed |
| | | | Firm Heart Stain: 10 percent of width equivalent |
| | | | Seasoning Checks on Wide Faces: Limited; typically to one face |
| | | | Seasoning Checks at Ends: Single or opposite each other, are limited to A sum total of 1/4 the thickness |
| | | | Splits: Approximately 1/2 the width or equivalent of end checks |
| | | | Pin Holes: Max 1/16 (1.6mm) Diameter, Limited |
| | | | Pitch Streaks: Allowed |
| | | | Pitch Pockets: Medium SELECT LENGTH-------1/16 inch (1.6mm) In Width and 12 inches (305mm)1/8 inch (3mm) In Width and 8 inches (203mm)3/8 inch (9.5mm) In Width and 4 inches (152mm) |
| | | | Wane: Not Allowed |
| | | Structural Characteristics: |
| | | | Shake On The Faces: Light, 1/32 inch (0.8mm) width |
| | | | Shake, Through the Ends: 1/6 the thickness at end |
| | | | Grain: Medium - 4 or more annual rings per inch at either end of the piece |
| | | | Slope Of Grain - Middle Third: Not to exceed 1 in 15 slope |
| | | | Slope Of Grain - Outside Thirds: Not to exceed 1 in 12 slope |
| | | | Crook: Minimized |
| | | | Twist: Minimized |
| | | | Cup: Minimized |
| | | | Bow: Minimized |
| | | | Free of Heart Center |
| | | | Knots: Sound, tight and well spaced |
| | | Manufacturing Characteristics: |
| | | | Moisture Content: Average 15% or less, to the core of each piece. Dried in amplifier based Radio Frequency Vacuum Kilns |
| | | | Skips: Occasional, Less than 10 percent of the pieces, 1/8 inch (3mm) x 24 inches (610mm) or equivalent |
| | | | Surfaced Thickness Tolerance: +/- 1/16 inch (1.6mm) |
| | | | Surfaced Tolerance: +/- 1/16 inch (1.6mm) |
| | | | Length Tolerance: At Least |
| | | | Torn Grain: Heavy, Not to exceed 1/8 inch (3mm) deep |
| | | Surfacing: |
| | | | Mill Rough: Rough, un-sanded surface direct from the mill |
| | | | S4S: Surfaced on 4 sides |
 | | | | Accuruff: Re-sawn texture. Rough-sawn texture on surfaced dimensional lumber and timbers |
| | | | Circle Sawn: Textured surface attained from a large circular mill saw |
| | | | Hand Hewn: Antique texture traditionally created by hand shaping timbers to a rough squared surface with an adze |