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SECTION 04 21 00
CLAY MASONRY UNITS
 
 
Copyright 2015 - 2017 ARCAT, Inc. - All rights reserved
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Meridian(TM) Brick
Formerly Forterra Brick; brick, clay masonry units.
This section is based on the products of Meridian(TM) Brick
Formerly Forterra Brick, which is located at:
200 Mansell Court E. Suite 305
Roswell, GA 30076
Toll Free Tel: 866-259-6923
866-263-6229 CA
Email: request info (Crysta.hailes@meridianbrick.com)
Web: www.meridianbrick.com | www.meridianbrick.ca
[ Click Here ] for additional information.
Forterra Brick is one of North America's largest brick manufacturers with a total capacity of more than 1.7 billion bricks. Headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, we employ approximately 1,200 people. Our brick facilities in the United States are located in Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and Texas. In Canada, we operate facilities in Ontario and Quebec.
Forterra Brick provides superior selection and service, and more than 1,000 styles of brick in four regional brick collections. Among architects and builders across the U.S. and Canada, we are known for: Innovation in our products, people, and service; Service that is straightforward, honest and reliable in all business relationships; Influence, leading the industry in experience, knowledge, and skills.
To learn more about Forterra's sustainability efforts and quality products, services, and building technology, visit www.forterrabrick.com .
 
PART 1 GENERAL
 
1.1
SECTION INCLUDES
A.
Clay masonry units, mortar, and accessories.
1.2
RELATED SECTIONS
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete any sections below not relevant to this project; add others as required.
 
A.
Section 03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete.
B.
Section 04 20 00 - Unit Masonry.
C.
Section 05 50 00 - Metal Fabrications.
D.
Section 06 10 00 - Rough Carpentry.
E.
Section 07 60 00 - Flashing and Sheet Metal.
F.
Section 07 91 26 - Joint Fillers.
G.
Division 08 - Openings: Exterior doors and windows.
1.3
REFERENCES
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete references from the list below that are not actually required by the text of the edited section.
 
A.
ASTM International:
1.
ASTM A615 - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
2.
ASTM C67 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile.
3.
ASTM C144 - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry.
4.
ASTM C150 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
5.
ASTM C207 - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes.
6.
ASTM C216 - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale).
7.
ASTM C270 - Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry.
8.
ASTM C652 - Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale).
9.
ASTM C780 - Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Masonry.
10.
ASTM C1019 - Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout.
11.
ASTM D1056 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials, Sponge or Expanded Rubber.
12.
ASTM D2240 - Standard Test Method for Rubber Property, Durometer Hardness.
B.
Brick Industry Association (BIA):
1.
Technical Notes on Brick Construction.
1.4
SUBMITTALS
A.
Submit under provisions of Section 01 30 00 - Administrative Requirements.
B.
Product Data: Manufacturer's data sheets on each product to be used, including:
1.
Preparation instructions and recommendations.
2.
Storage and handling requirements and recommendations.
3.
Installation and cleaning methods.
C.
Shop Drawings:
1.
Submit general placing drawings to indicate unit sizes, layout and bond patterns, spacing, location and quantities of reinforcement and connectors, and structural movement related to masonry assemblies.
2.
Include overall dimensions, framed opening requirements and tolerances, adjacent construction, affected related work, expansion and contraction joint locations, flashing accessories, and project specific details.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete selection samples if colors have already been selected.
 
D.
Selection Samples: For each exposed product to be used, furnish not less than five individual brick samples, showing full range of color and texture to be expected in the finished work.
E.
Verification Samples: Submit full size samples of masonry and mortar using manufacturers standard physical samples, printed materials will not be accepted.
F.
Test Reports:
1.
Submit test reports completed by a qualified independent laboratory for each type of building and facing brick to demonstrate the following:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Brick are not required to meet the saturation coefficient requirement of ASTM C216 if it meets the physical requirements of section 6.1.2 of ASTM C216. Brick are not required to meet the 5 hour boil absorption and/or saturation coefficient requirements of ASTM C216 if it meets the physical requirements of section 6.1.3 of ASTM C216.
 
a.
Compressive strength in accordance with ASTM C216.
b.
24 hour cold water absorption.
c.
5 hour boil absorption.
d.
Saturation coefficient.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** No limit is placed on initial rate of absorption (suction). Units having initial rates of absorption exceeding 30 g/min/30 sq. in. should be wetted prior to laying. For cold weather masonry construction, higher suctions may be tolerated (up to 30-40 g.) than for normal construction.
 
e.
Initial rate of absorption (suction).
f.
Efflorescence.
G.
Certificates:
1.
Submit manufacturer's signed certificates signed that materials comply with specified performance and project design criteria and physical requirements.
1.5
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Test bricks in accordance with ASTM C67 with the following additional requirements:
1.
For engineered brick masonry, if the coefficient of variation of the compression samples tested exceeds 12%, obtain compressive strength by multiplying average compressive strength of specimens by: 1 - 1.5 (v/100 - .12) where v is the coefficient of variation of sample tested.
B.
Mortar shall comply with ASTM C270 and the following:
1.
For field construction, use materials and mix by proportions in accordance with BIA Technical Note 8, measuring materials by volume.
2.
Laboratory mortar testing to ASTM C780 may be required to establish mortar properties before or during construction to maintain quality control during mortar production in the field.
C.
Manufacturer Qualifications:
1.
Minimum 10 years experience manufacturing similar products and with production capability to meet the Project schedule.
2.
Primary products specified in this section will be supplied by a single manufacturer.
D.
Installer Qualifications: As required by the local building authority.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Include a mock-up if the project size or quality warrant taking such a precaution. When deciding on the extent of the mock-up, consider all the major different types of work on the project. Coordinate mock-up extents and locations with the Drawings. Edit below as required.
 
E.
Mock-Ups (Sample Panel): Provide one or more mock-ups for evaluation of surface preparation techniques and application workmanship as indicated on the Drawings.
1.
As soon as unit masonry and mortar samples have been approved, deliver sufficient quantities of the materials to be used to the Project site to construct mock-up in location shown on the Drawings, minimum size 48 inches (1200 mm) long by 36 inches (914 mm) high by full wall thickness.
2.
Mock-up shall be a sample of in place construction unless indicated on the Drawings to stand alone and be removed from the Project site after final installation is approved.
3.
Mock-ups to include unit masonry, back up construction, mortar, reinforcing and support, provisions for expansion and drainage, tooling and finishing techniques, sealants, and flashing.
a.
When required, provide a separate mock-up for each type of brick or mortar.
4.
The Architect will visually review mock-up for masonry unit quality, color, texture, blending, relationship of mortar and sealant colors to masonry colors, joint tooling, aesthetic qualities, workmanship, general material and construction methods.
5.
Do not proceed with remaining work until mock-up is approved by Architect.
6.
Refinish mock-up area as required to produce acceptable work.
7.
Accepted mock-ups may remain as part of the completed work and will set the standard of acceptance for remaining work including bond, mortar, workmanship, appearance and project specific criteria indicated by the Architect.
8.
Approval of mock-up does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract Documents unless specifically approved by Architect in writing.
1.6
PRE-INSTALLATION MEETINGS
A.
Convene at the Project site minimum two weeks prior to starting work of this section to discuss:
1.
Method and sequence of masonry construction.
2.
Special masonry details.
3.
Standard of workmanship.
4.
Quality control requirements.
5.
Job organization.
B.
Attendance is mandatory for:
1.
General Contractor job superintendent.
2.
Masonry subcontractor job superintendent.
3.
Masonry subcontractor foreman.
4.
At least two masons.
5.
Authorized representative of the brick supplier.
6.
Mortar material suppliers.
1.7
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A.
Deliver materials in the manufacturer's unopened packaging with manufacturer's identification and labels in tact until ready for installation.
B.
Store in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.
Store units off the ground in a clean, dry, well-ventilated area covered to prevent masonry units and related materials from getting saturated before installation.
2.
Protect from surface damage, mud, dust or materials likely to cause staining or other defects.
3.
Place sand on plastic and tarps, cover with plastic at the end of each day.
4.
Protect reinforcement from the elements.
5.
Remove damaged or deteriorated materials from the Project site and replace with new materials to meet specified requirements.
C.
Handle materials in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.8
PROJECT CONDITIONS
A.
Take field measurements to ensure proper fit of clay unit masonry assemblies with adjacent construction.
B.
Protection during construction:
1.
Cover walls to prevent mortar joint wash out and water entering walls including:
a.
During erection, cover top of wall with strong waterproof membrane at end of each day or construction shutdown.
b.
Cover partially completed walls when work is not in progress.
c.
Extend cover minimum of 24 inches (609 mm) down both sides of walls.
d.
Hold cover securely in place.
2.
Load application:
a.
Do not apply uniform floor or roof loading for at least 12 hours after building masonry columns or walls.
b.
Do not apply concentrated loads for at least 3 days after building masonry columns or walls.
3.
Provide temporary bracing during masonry erection. Maintain in place until building structure provides permanent bracing.
C.
Stain prevention:
1.
Prevent grout or mortar from staining the face of masonry.
a.
Remove immediately grout or mortar in contact with face of masonry.
b.
Protect openings, sills, ledges and projections from droppings of mortar, protect door jambs and corners from damage during construction.
2.
Protect the base of the wall from rain splashed mud and mortar splatter using straw, sawdust or plastic spread along the base.
3.
Turn scaffold boards near the on edge at the end of each day.
D.
Cold Weather Protection:
1.
Comply with manufacturer's weatherproofing recommendations.
E.
Hot Weather Protection:
1.
When the ambient air temperature may exceed 100 degrees F (37.7 deg C) or 90 degrees F (32.2 deg C) with a wind velocity greater than 8 mph (12.8 kph) , mortar beds shall not be spread more than 4 feet (1219 mm) ahead of the masonry units.
2.
Units shall be laid within one minute of spreading mortar.
F.
Do not install products under environmental conditions outside manufacturer's recommended limits. Avoid excessive moisture, trapped moisture and spalling by ensuring no more moisture that can dry out of the assembly before the assembly freezes due to ambient temperature conditions.
1.9
SEQUENCING
A.
Ensure that products of this section are supplied to affected trades in time to prevent interruption of construction progress.
1.10
WARRANTY
A.
Clay Unit Masonry: Provide Manufacturer's Standard 101 year product warranty.
B.
Setting Systems: Provide manufacturers standard product warranties, minimum 1 year.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
 
2.1
MANUFACTURERS
A.
Acceptable Manufacturer: Meridian(TM) Brick; Formerly Forterra Brick, which is located at: 200 Mansell Court E. Suite 305; Roswell, GA 30076; Toll Free Tel: 866-259-6923; 866-263-6229 CA; Email: request info (Crysta.hailes@meridianbrick.com); Web: www.meridianbrick.com | www.meridianbrick.ca .
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete one of the following two paragraphs; coordinate with requirements of Division 1 section on product options and substitutions.
 
B.
Substitutions: Not permitted.
C.
Requests for substitutions will be considered in accordance with provisions of Section 01 60 00 - Product Requirements.
2.2
GENERAL
A.
All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of units or significantly impair strength or performance. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manufacturer or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds for rejections.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Retain the following for face brick to ensure masonry is assessed on the overall aesthetics and not on minor imperfections.
 
1.
Where face brick units are used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are exposed shall not show chips or cracks other imperfections that are not explicitly permitted when viewed at a distance of 20 feet.
B.
Clay masonry units shall be made of natural, non-toxic, inert elements that are not flammable, will not react with other materials, and will not release Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) or other chemicals.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Assign types (Brick-1, Brick-2) if more than one size or color are used.
 
2.3
FACE BRICKS
A.
Provide the following clay face bricks to ASTM C216:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select grade SW for severe weathering, MW for moderate weathering. SW is required in most parts of the US and Canada based on freeze/thaw cycling. Delete grade not required.
 
1.
Grade: SW.
2.
Grade: MW.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Type of brick refers to appearance, resistance to chippage, and number of bricks allowed to have defects. FBX requires the most precision, FBS requires average precision, FBA allows non-uniformity in size and texture. Allowable imperfections are governed by ASTM C216Delete types not required.
 
3.
Type: FBX.
4.
Type: FBS.
5.
Type: FBA.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Sizes below are US Standard Production Sizes. Delete sizes not required.
 
6.
Size: Big John 8-5/8 inch wide by 2-5/8 inch high by 3 inch deep (219 mm wide by 67 mm high by 76 mm deep).
7.
Size: Closure 7-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 92 mm high by 89 mm deep).
8.
Size: Engineer Modular 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 70 mm high by 89 mm deep).
9.
Size: Executive 10 inch wide by 3 inch high by 3 inch deep (254 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep).
10.
Size: Modular 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 57 mm high by 89 mm deep).
11.
Size: Norman 11-5/8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 57 mm high by 89 mm deep).
12.
Size: Norwegian 11-5/8 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 69 mm high by 89 mm deep).
13.
Size: Ogden King 9-1/2 inch wide by 2-1/2 inch high by 2-3/4 inch deep (241 mm wide by 63 mm high by 70 mm deep).
14.
Size: Princess 8-3/4 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 2-3/4 inch deep (222 mm wide by 69 mm high by 69 mm deep).
15.
Size: Queen Modular 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3 inch deep (193 mm wide by 69 mm high by 76 mm deep).
16.
Size: River Rock 10 inch wide by 3 inch high by 3 inch deep (254 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep).
17.
Size: Utility 11-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 92 mm high by 89 mm deep).
18.
Size: Wall Unit 7-5/8 inch wide by 7-5/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 193 mm high by 89 mm deep).
19.
Size: Western King 9-5/8 inch wide by 2-5/8 inch high by 2-3/4 inch deep (244 mm wide by 67 mm high by 70 mm deep).
20.
Size: White Splitface 10 inch wide by 3 inch high by 3 inch deep (254 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep).
21.
Size: 6 Jumbo 11-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 5-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 92 mm high by 140 mm deep).
22.
Size: 8 Jumbo 11-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 7-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 92 mm high by 190 mm deep).
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Sizes below are Canadian Standard Production Sizes. Delete not required.
 
23.
Size: Metric Modular (MTM) 7-1/2 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (190 mm wide by 57 mm high by 90 mm deep).
24.
Size: Ontario (ONT) 8-3/8 inch wide by 2-3/8 inch high by 4 inch deep (213 mm wide by 60 mm high by 102 mm deep).
25.
Size: CSR 9-1/16 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (230 mm wide by 70 mm high by 90 mm deep).
26.
Size: MAX 10-1/8 inch wide by 3-1/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (257 mm wide by 79 mm high by 90 mm deep).
27.
Size: Metric Jumbo (MJU) 11-1/2 inch wide by 3-1/2 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (290 mm wide by 90 mm high by 90 mm deep).
28.
Size: Engineer Norman (ENN) 11-1/2 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (290 mm wide by 90 mm high by 90 mm deep).
29.
Size: Metric Norman (MNO) 11-1/2 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (290 mm wide by 57 mm high by 90 mm deep).
30.
Size: Quebec (QBC) 8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-3/4 inch deep (203 mm wide by 57 mm high by 95 mm deep).
31.
Size: Imperial Modular (MOD) 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-5/8 inch deep (194 mm wide by 57 mm high by 90 mm deep).
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** For grade SW brick, the average compressive strength of 5 bricks must exceed 3000 psi (20.7 MPa) and saturation coefficient cannot exceed 0.78.
 
32.
Minimum Compressive Strength: __________
33.
Saturation Coefficient: __________
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** The Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA) of the brick is measured to assist the mason in mortar selection and helps to determine if the brick require pre-wetting before installation to enhance the bond between the brick and mortar. Typically IRA over 30 gm/min/30 sq.in will require prewetting, coordinate with Part 3 installation as required
 
34.
Initial Rate of Absorption: __________
2.4
HOLLOW BRICKS
A.
Provide the following to ASTM C652:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select grade SW for severe weathering, MW for moderate weathering. SW is required in most parts of the US and Canada based on freeze/thaw cycling. Delete grade not required.
 
1.
Grade: SW.
2.
Grade: MW.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Type of brick refers to appearance, resistance to chippage, and number of bricks allowed to have defects. HBX requires the most precision, HBS requires average precision, HBA allows non-uniformity in size and texture. Allowable imperfections are governed by ASTM C652. Delete types not required.
 
3.
Type: HBX.
4.
Type: HBS.
5.
Type: HBA.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Sizes below are US Standard Production Sizes. Delete sizes not required.
 
6.
Size: Big John 8-5/8 inch wide by 2-5/8 inch high by 3 inch deep (219 mm wide by 67 mm high by 76 mm deep).
7.
Size: Closure 7-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 92 mm high by 89 mm deep).
8.
Size: Engineer Modular 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 70 mm high by 89 mm deep).
9.
Size: Executive 10 inch wide by 3 inch high by 3 inch deep (254 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep).
10.
Size: Modular 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 57 mm high by 89 mm deep).
11.
Size: Norman 11-5/8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 57 mm high by 89 mm deep).
12.
Size: Norwegian 11-5/8 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 69 mm high by 89 mm deep).
13.
Size: Ogden King 9-1/2 inch wide by 2-1/2 inch high by 2-3/4 inch deep (241 mm wide by 63 mm high by 70 mm deep).
14.
Size: Princess 8-3/4 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 2-3/4 inch deep (222 mm wide by 69 mm high by 69 mm deep).
15.
Size: Queen Modular 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3 inch deep (193 mm wide by 69 mm high by 76 mm deep).
16.
Size: River Rock 10 inch wide by 3 inch high by 3 inch deep (254 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep).
17.
Size: Utility 11-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 92 mm high by 89 mm deep).
18.
Size: Wall Unit 7-5/8 inch wide by 7-5/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (193 mm wide by 193 mm high by 89 mm deep).
19.
Size: Western King 9-5/8 inch wide by 2-5/8 inch high by 2-3/4 inch deep (244 mm wide by 67 mm high by 70 mm deep).
20.
Size: White Splitface 10 inch wide by 3 inch high by 3 inch deep (254 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep).
21.
Size: 6 Jumbo 11-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 5-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 92 mm high by 140 mm deep).
22.
Size: 8 Jumbo 11-5/8 inch wide by 3-5/8 inch high by 7-1/2 inch deep (295 mm wide by 92 mm high by 190 mm deep).
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Sizes below are Canadian Standard Production Sizes. Delete not required.
 
23.
Size: Metric Modular (MTM) 7-1/2 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (190 mm wide by 57 mm high by 90 mm deep).
24.
Size: Ontario (ONT) 8-3/8 inch wide by 2-3/8 inch high by 4 inch deep (213 mm wide by 60 mm high by 102 mm deep).
25.
Size: CSR 9-1/16 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (230 mm wide by 70 mm high by 90 mm deep).
26.
Size: MAX 10-1/8 inch wide by 3-1/8 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (257 mm wide by 79 mm high by 90 mm deep).
27.
Size: Metric Jumbo (MJU) 11-1/2 inch wide by 3-1/2 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (290 mm wide by 90 mm high by 90 mm deep).
28.
Size: Engineer Norman (ENN) 11-1/2 inch wide by 2-3/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (290 mm wide by 90 mm high by 90 mm deep).
29.
Size: Metric Norman (MNO) 11-1/2 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-1/2 inch deep (290 mm wide by 57 mm high by 90 mm deep).
30.
Size: Quebec (QBC) 8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-3/4 inch deep (203 mm wide by 57 mm high by 95 mm deep).
31.
Size: Imperial Modular (MOD) 7-5/8 inch wide by 2-1/4 inch high by 3-5/8 inch deep (194 mm wide by 57 mm high by 90 mm deep).
32.
Minimum Compressive Strength: __________
33.
Saturation Coefficient: __________
34.
Initial Rate of Absorption: __________
2.5
MORTAR
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select factory or site blended mortar based on project size. Factory blended preferred for all but the smallest jobs. Delete one of two paragraphs below.
 
A.
Provide factory-blended mortar, pre-packaged and pre-colored under controlled factory conditions. Site mixing shall include only water.
B.
Mix mortar on site in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Final mortar selection is by the mason. The local building code may limit the use of some mortar types, for example Type N is not permitted in seismic design categories D, E, or F. Refer to BIA Technical Note 8B for additional information. Confirm mortar types with Structural Engineer.
 
C.
Provide the following mortar type above grade:
1.
Type N: General all-purpose mortar with good bonding capabilities and workability.
2.
Type S: General all-purpose mortar with higher flexural bond strength.
D.
Provide the following mortar type at or below grade:
1.
Type M: High compressive-strength mortar, but not very workable.
2.
Type O: Low-strength mortar for interior applications and restoration.
E.
Provide the following mortar type for interior applications:
1.
Type N: General all-purpose mortar with good bonding capabilities and workability.
2.
Type O: Low-strength mortar for interior applications and restoration.
F.
Compressive strength shall be the lowest possible to meet project requirements and suitable to project conditions including lateral loads, structural requirements, durability, flexural tensile and compressive stresses, and workability.
G.
Provide the following mortar materials to ASTM C270:
1.
Portland cement to ASTM C150:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select Type I for general use, Type II where moderate salt water resistance, heat of hydration, or a hot weather alternative to adding a retarder, Type III for high early strength or cold weather. Refer to BIA Technical notes for more information. Delete types not required.
 
a.
Type I.
b.
Type II.
c.
Type III.
2.
Hydrated Lime: Type S to ASTM C207.
3.
Sand: to ASTM C144.
4.
Water: Potable.
5.
Pigments: _________
6.
Admixtures:
a.
Air entraining: _________
b.
Antifreeze compounds: _________
c.
Accelerators: _________
H.
Grout: Conform to ASTM C476, test for strength in accordance with ASTM C1019.
1.
Minimum compressive strength, maximum aggregate size, and slump as recommended by the Structural Engineer or grout manufacturer for each application type indicated.
2.
Mix grout ingredients in quantities needed for immediate use.
2.6
ACCESSORIES
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Provide the following information for special shapes. Delete if not used.
 
A.
Special Shapes: Provide as detailed and at locations as indicated on the Drawings to meet the following:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Use manufacturer codes if possible, MOD, ENM, QSM.
 
1.
Brick Size: _________.
2.
Masonry Opening Dimensions: As shown on the Drawings.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Indicate the number of courses.
 
3.
Arch Height: ___ courses.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Indicate mortar joint thickness.
 
4.
Mortar Joint Thickness: ___.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Indicate skewback angle, 60 degrees is standard.
 
5.
Skewback Angle: ___ degrees.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Indicate type of brick using manufacturers terminology and drawing codes.
 
6.
Type of Brick: _________.
7.
Provide special uncored face brick in locations where cores would be exposed in the finished work.
B.
Anchoring and supports shall withstand oxidation and corrosion for the service life of each wall system. Reinforcement shall comply with ASTM A615.
C.
Flashing:
1.
Non-corrosive material such as stainless steel or copper, or self-adhesive soft flashing as shown on the Drawings or specified in Section 07 60 00 - Flashing and Sheet Metal.
D.
Expansion Joints:
1.
Pre-molded Foam: ASTM D1056, Type 2, Class A, Grade 1.
2.
Neoprene: ASTM D1056, Type 2, Class A, Grade 1, or ASTM D2240 Shore A Hardness of 50 to 70 with cold weather flexibility and minimum ultimate elongation of 300 percent.
E.
Sealants and Backer Rods: as specified in Section 07 91 26 - Joint Fillers.
F.
Mortar Collection Material: MortarNet by Mortar Net Solutions or equivalent and approved with the following properties:
1.
Dual level, trapezoidal or similar shape with 90% open weave mesh.
2.
Insect barrier.
3.
Will not degrade, oxidize or react with common building materials.
4.
Available in thickness as required by the installation.
5.
Manufactured with recycled content.
G.
Insulation: Unless otherwise indicated, provide the following:
1.
Cavity Insulation: Extruded polystyrene.
2.
Gaps, Penetrations, and Anchors: Closed Cell Rigid Spray Foam.
H.
Cleaners:
1.
Compatible with substrate and acceptable to masonry manufacturer.
2.
Only when clay masonry units are not able to be cleaned the same day or day immediately after, utilize Prosoco or other professional cleaning product recommended by the manufacturer.
2.7
FINISH
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select collection based on project location. Delete colors not required. Northern Collection is Canada See manufacturer's website for boundaries of US collections (Carolina, Mid-West, Texas).
 
A.
Provide the following brick colors from the Carolina Collection:
1.
Brown:
a.
Argyle Vista.
b.
Blythewood.
c.
Broad River Vista.
d.
Buckingham.
e.
Charlestowne.
f.
Combaheee Vista.
g.
Cypress Moss Vista.
h.
Flatset Flashed Reddish Brown.
i.
Grand Caramel.
j.
Grand Mocha.
k.
Kiawah Vista.
l.
Lansdowne.
m.
Live Oak.
n.
Mill Creek.
o.
Newport.
p.
Old Atlanta.
q.
Old Raleigh.
r.
Old Savannah.
s.
River Birch.
t.
Savannah Moss.
u.
Sinclair.
v.
Stirling Vista.
w.
Stonehaven.
x.
Swan Quarter.
y.
White Oak.
z.
Yorkmont.
2.
Burgundy:
a.
Barringer.
b.
Brinkley.
c.
Burgundy Semi Smooth.
d.
Burgundy Wire Cut.
e.
Burgundy Wire Cut with Ironspot.
f.
Foxcroft.
g.
Fredericksburg Vista.
h.
Harvard.
i.
Moultrie Vista.
j.
Redwood Plantation.
3.
Grey:
a.
Beaufort Vista.
b.
Cottonwood Plantation.
c.
Dark Grey Wire Cut.
d.
Light Grey Wire Cut.
e.
Medium Grey Wire Cut.
f.
Port Augustine.
g.
Port Charlotte.
4.
Red:
a.
Catawba Vista.
b.
Chesapeake.
c.
Congaree Vista.
d.
Currin.
e.
Dark Red Wire Cut with Ironspot.
f.
Edgewater Vista.
g.
Flashed Red Semi Smooth.
h.
Flashed Red Wire Cut.
i.
Flashed Red Wire Cut 223.
j.
Glennville.
k.
Island Town.
l.
Manassas.
m.
Old Lancaster.
n.
Old Lexington.
o.
Oxford.
p.
Red Semi Smooth.
q.
Red Wire Cut.
r.
Red Wire Cut 222.
s.
Red Wire Cut Ironspot.
t.
Santee Vista.
5.
Rose:
a.
Cooper Vista.
b.
Palomino Wire Cut Dark.
c.
Palomino Wire Cut Medium.
d.
Selwyn.
e.
Sugar Berry.
6.
Terracotta:
a.
Broadwell.
b.
Guilford Blend.
c.
Old Williamsburg.
d.
Riverside.
e.
Winnsboro.
7.
White:
a.
Copper Run.
8.
Yellow:
a.
Whitewater Vista.
B.
Provide the following brick colors from the Mid-West Collection:
1.
Brown:
a.
Brentwood.
b.
Castleton.
c.
Kenton.
d.
Lanes End.
e.
Meadow Brook.
f.
Overbrook.
g.
Petoskey.
h.
Pin Oak.
i.
Shiawassee.
j.
Swan Creek.
k.
Vinery.
l.
Winstar.
m.
Blythewood.
2.
Burgundy:
a.
Domamire.
b.
Grand Haven.
c.
Grand River.
d.
Mulberry.
3.
Grey:
a.
Mill Ridge.
b.
Royal Oak.
c.
Tawas.
4.
Red:
a.
Calumet.
b.
Old Sycamore.
c.
Olde Towne.
d.
Remington.
e.
Roman Red.
5.
Terracotta:
a.
Colony Bay.
b.
Old Woodward.
c.
Rockport.
d.
Saugatuck.
C.
Provide the following brick colors from the Texas Collection:
1.
Brown:
a.
Adobe Ridge.
b.
Belterra.
c.
Brownstone.
d.
Burleson.
e.
Chesterfield.
f.
Chestnut Hill.
g.
Enclave.
h.
Las Cruces.
i.
Logansport.
j.
Mayfield.
k.
Meridian.
l.
Ole Country.
m.
Palo Duro.
n.
Pecan Arbor.
o.
Riverbend.
p.
Rocky Hill.
q.
Santa Fe Trail.
r.
V140.
s.
V160.
t.
V318.
u.
Winslow.
2.
Burgundy:
a.
Grand Chenier.
b.
V180.
3.
Grey:
a.
Coral Gray.
b.
Hidalgo.
c.
Mission Ridge.
d.
Ridgemont.
e.
V224.
f.
V228.
g.
V240.
4.
Red:
a.
Bayou Vista.
b.
Bellamy.
c.
Burnside.
d.
Cedar Park.
e.
Fireside.
f.
Grand Chenier.
g.
Providence.
h.
Rivera Canyon.
i.
Tuscany.
j.
V130.
5.
Tan:
a.
Antique Sandstone.
b.
Brookshire.
c.
Buff Hillstone.
d.
Buff River Rock.
e.
Catahoula.
f.
Chaparral.
g.
Hickory Trail.
h.
Newberry.
i.
Old Smokey.
j.
Prestige.
k.
Saratoga.
l.
Sheridan.
m.
Somerville.
n.
V330.
6.
Terracotta:
a.
Addison.
b.
Barkley.
c.
Carrington.
d.
Glenhaven.
e.
V110.
f.
V120.
7.
White:
a.
Original Hillstone.
b.
Original River Rock.
c.
Silverado.
d.
V100.
e.
V102.
f.
White Ivory.
g.
White Splitface.
8.
Yellow:
a.
V104.
b.
V106.
c.
V310.
D.
Provide the following brick colors from the Northern Collection:
1.
Black:
a.
Cobalt Matt.
b.
Cobalt Smooth.
c.
Hibernia II.
d.
Ironstone.
e.
Stout.
2.
Brown:
a.
Albion.
b.
Boston.
c.
Brookline.
d.
Brunswick.
e.
Carleton Blend.
f.
Dawson.
g.
Dunkerron Matt.
h.
Dunkerron Smooth.
i.
Sunkerron Smooth Ironspot.
j.
Heritage Brown.
k.
Ironspot MK II.
l.
Kingsway Blend.
m.
Macdonald.
n.
Montcalm.
o.
Robindale.
p.
Robindale Square.
q.
Sacramento.
r.
Sonoma Brushtex.
s.
Sonoma Matt.
t.
Sonoma Smooth.
u.
Terra Nova.
v.
Thuya.
w.
Vintage Matt.
x.
Westmount.
3.
Burgundy:
a.
Belize.
b.
Louisiane.
c.
Mackenzie.
d.
Sutton.
e.
Talbot.
f.
Wakefield Bordeau.
g.
Wellington.
4.
Grey:
a.
Caledonia.
b.
Heritage Athens.
c.
Heritage Grey.
d.
Hudson.
e.
Lakeshore.
f.
Old Queenston.
g.
Richland Matt.
h.
Rutherford Matt.
i.
Silverleaf.
j.
Silverstone.
5.
Red:
a.
50 Bark.
b.
Antique Copper.
c.
Applegate.
d.
Aztec Sandtone Buff.
e.
Brookview Matt.
f.
Brookview Smooth.
g.
Champlain.
h.
Cornell.
i.
Dublin.
j.
Ecorce Brune.
k.
Ecorce Rouge.
l.
Flamenco II.
m.
Flemenco III.
n.
Full Range Rugg.
o.
Heritage Rouge.
p.
Madere.
q.
Manhattan.
r.
Medium Range Rugg.
s.
Medium Range Shaletex.
t.
Old Aztec.
u.
Old Janeston.
v.
Old Markham.
w.
Old Parsonage.
x.
Riverdale Matt.
y.
Riverdale Smooth.
z.
Riverdale Smooth Ironspot.
aa.
Rouge Corderoi.
ab.
Rouge Corderoi Nuance.
ac.
St. James.
ad.
Terra de Feu.
ae.
Tudor.
af.
Varsity Matt.
ag.
Varsity Smooth.
ah.
Varsity Smooth Ironspot.
ai.
Victoria.
aj.
Williamsburg.
ak.
Williamsburg MK II.
6.
Rose:
a.
Chatsworth.
b.
Crawford.
c.
Heritage Beige.
7.
Tan:
a.
Adelaide.
b.
Ashgrove Blend.
c.
Burlington.
d.
Casa Grande.
e.
Colorado.
f.
Cortes.
g.
Devon Cream.
h.
Guildwood.
i.
Harrington II.
j.
Osiana.
k.
Osiana Smooth Ironspot.
l.
Osiana Velour Ironspot.
m.
Pearson.
n.
Sunnybrook Blend.
o.
Taupe Matt.
p.
Tremaine.
8.
Terracotta:
a.
Anthemis.
b.
Copper Matt.
c.
Copper Smooth.
d.
Copper Smooth Ironspot.
e.
Elgin.
f.
Orangeville.
g.
Richelieu.
h.
Sahara.
i.
San Antonio.
j.
Santa Anna.
9.
Yellow:
a.
Ballycroy Matt.
b.
Ballycroy Smooth.
c.
Georgetown.
d.
Georgetown MK II.
e.
Sierra Sandstone.
f.
Sierra Sandstone Smooth.
g.
Sundance Matt.
h.
Sundance Smooth.
i.
Sundance Smooth Ironspot.
j.
Sunnydale.
PART 3 EXECUTION
 
3.1
EXAMINATION
A.
Do not begin installation until backup structure and substrates have been properly prepared.
B.
If preparation of adjacent construction is the responsibility of another installer, notify Architect of unsatisfactory preparation before proceeding.
C.
Proceed with installation only after unacceptable conditions have been corrected.
3.2
PREPARATION
A.
Protect adjacent materials from damage due to masonry work.
B.
Set up scaffolding approximately 2 inches (50 mm) from the wall to allow mortar drippings to fall to the ground.
C.
Place sand, straw, sawdust or plastic along the ground at the base of each wall to prevent mud from splashing up on wall construction.
D.
Units having initial rates of absorption exceeding 30 grams of water absorbed in one minute over 30 square inches (19345 mm2) as determined by ASTM C67 shall be wetted prior to laying so rate of absorption when laid does not exceed 30 g./min/30 sq.in.
1.
Wetting during cold weather construction is solely at the mason's discretion to ensure optimal workability of masonry units and mortar including:
a.
Cold water absorption rate may reach up to 40 g./min/30 sq.in.
b.
Bricks may require sprinkling with warm or hot water just before laying.
c.
Piles of masonry units may be soaked with a water hose one day to several hours before units are to be installed.
E.
Clean reinforcement by removing loose rust, ice, and other foreign materials.
3.3
INSTALLATION
A.
Place reinforcement and grout and install masonry units and mortar in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and BIA Technical Notes on Brick Construction 11A, 11B, and 11C.
B.
Cavity Width:
1.
Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, cavity width should be approximately 2 inches (50 mm), if rigid insulation is placed in the cavity, leave approximately 1 inch (25 mm) clear cavity after wall construction.
C.
Coursing:
1.
Establish lines, levels, and coursing indicated. Protect from displacement.
2.
Maintain masonry courses to uniform dimensions. Form vertical and horizontal joints of uniform thickness.
D.
Bonding Pattern:
1.
Bond concealed masonry units in a wythe by lapping at least 2 inches (50 mm).
2.
Lay exposed masonry in 1/2 running bond unless otherwise indicated by the Architect.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select one of the following if other bond pattern is used. Coordinate with the Drawings for bonding patterns and coursing details at entrances, windows, corners, and special details.
 
3.
1/3 Running bond.
4.
Stack bond.
5.
Common bond with 6 inch (150 mm) course headers.
6.
Common bond with 8 inch (203 mm) course headers.
7.
English Bond with English Corners.
8.
English Corners with bond pattern shown on the Drawings.
9.
Dutch Corners with bond pattern shown on the Drawings.
10.
English Cross (Dutch Bond).
11.
Flemish bond.
12.
As shown on the Drawings.
E.
Joining Work:
1.
Where fresh masonry joins partially set masonry:
a.
Remove loose brick and mortar.
b.
Clean and lightly wet exposed surface of set masonry.
2.
Stop horizontal runs of masonry by racking back one half length of unit in each course.
3.
Toothing is not permitted except with written acceptance of the Architect or Structural Engineer.
F.
Masonry Unit Installation:
1.
Do not install cracked, broken, chipped, or otherwise damaged masonry units.
2.
Lay-out and adjust each coursing to each wall space so that no course finishes at an external corner or jamb with less than a half size unit. Bond of each course at jamb openings shall be symmetrical.
3.
Lay masonry units plumb and true to lines, head joints to align and be plumb.
4.
Lay with completely filled mortar joints; bed joints should not be deeply furrowed and masonry units buttered with sufficient mortar to fill head joints except at weep holes.
5.
Rock closures into place with head joints thrown against two adjacent units in place.
6.
Adjust units to line and level while mortar is soft and plastic. Do not disturb unit once in place except to completely remove and set in fresh bed of mortar. If head joints are opened during adjusting, refill head joints.
7.
Do not pound corners and jambs to fit stretcher units after they are set in position. Where an adjustment must be made after mortar has started to harden, remove mortar and replace with fresh mortar.
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Alternates to Mortar Net include plastering excess mortar onto back of brick, and placing wood strips with attached wire pulls on metal ties. Before placing next row of metal ties, remove and clean wood strips. If using one of these alternate methods, remove Mortar Net in Part 2.
 
8.
Keep cavity in cavity walls clean by installing Mortar Collection Material in the cavity to prevent mortar droppings from clogging the cavity.
G.
Mortar Mixing:
1.
Mix mortar only in quantities needed for immediate use.
2.
Measure materials by volume or equivalent weight, using the same measurement for each material and batch. Do not measure by shovel.
3.
If mortar color is to be used, add in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Ensure uniformity of mix and coloration.
4.
Do not use anti-freeze compounds to lower the freezing point of mortar or accelerators.
5.
Clean mixing boards and mechanical mixing machine between batches.
H.
Re-tempering Mortar:
1.
If necessary, re-temper mortar within two hours of mixing to replace water lost by evaporation.
2.
Do not re-temper mortar after two hours from time of mixing. Throw away after 2 hours.
3.
Only add a small amount of water within a basin formed in the mortar, than rework mortar.
4.
Dashing or pouring water over mortar will not be permitted.
5.
Discard all mortar that has stiffened because of chemical reaction (hydration), or which is harsh or non-plastic.
I.
Mortar Joints:
1.
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) thick unless otherwise indicated.
J.
Mortar Joint Tooling:
1.
Shall not retain water or dirt and ensure the durability of the building envelope.
2.
Provide slightly concave "V" tool joints when the mortar is thumbprint hard using non-rusting round jointer tools slightly larger than the joint width to smooth and compress mortar tightly against both sides of the joint.
3.
Head joints shall match bed joint profile.
4.
Trowel point or concave tool exterior joints below grade.
5.
Flush cut all joints that are not tooled only where permitted by the Architect.
6.
After tooling mortar, cut off mortar tailings with a trowel and brush mortar burrs and dust from the face of the brick.
K.
After laying each brick, cut off the excess mortar with a forward lifting and rolling motion of the trowel to collect mortar and prevent smearing back onto the brick face. Do not cut mortar so surplus drops to the face of the wall.
L.
Tuck Pointing:
1.
If required, and only where recommended by BIA Technical Note 11B - "Guide Specification for Brick Masonry", rake mortar joints to a depth of not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) nor more than 3/4 inch (19 mm).
2.
Saturate joints with clean water.
3.
Fill solidly with pointing mortar of the same proportions as mortar in main part of the wall if known, if not known, use Type N.
4.
Tool joints to match approved mock-ups.
M.
Flashing:
1.
Clean surfaces smooth and free from projections which might puncture flashing material.
a.
When installing flashing in mortar joints without an angle, place the flashing on a bed of mortar and cover with mortar.
b.
When installing flashing on an angle, mortar is not required above or below flashing.
2.
Where concrete unit masonry (block) back up construction is used, extend flashings back through brick facing, turn up a minimum of 8 inches (200 mm) and bed into mortar joints of concrete units.
3.
Where metal stud back up is used, mechanically fasten flashing to studs minimum 6 inches (150 mm) and seal watertight with flashing manufacturer's recommended adhesive and sealant products.
4.
When back up construction changes from concrete unit masonry to structural concrete or steel columns, mechanically fasten to the structural material.
5.
Extend flashing as follows:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Select one of the following based on building aesthetics and envelope details. Option C is not an industry standard and should only be included if approved by the Architect.
 
a.
1/4 inch (6 mm) beyond the face of masonry and hem back. Install sealant below flashing drip.
b.
Flush to the face of exposed masonry.
c.
1/2 inch (12.7 mm) behind the face of exposed masonry when a steel angle is not in the same mortar joint as the flashing, install flashing 1/4 inch (6 mm) beyond the face of masonry and hem back. Install sealant below flashing drip.
6.
Flashing shall be continuous and permanently sealed in changes in direction such as columns, interior or exterior corners.
7.
Dam up discontinuous flashing at sills into the head joint 4 to 8 inches (100 to 200 mm) past the end of the sill. Place mortar on each side of the flashing in head joints.
8.
Seal splices sealed with the flashing manufacturers recommended adhesive.
9.
Spaces or cavities below soft flashings at the base of the walls are to be filled with mortar or grout.
10.
Provide neoprene pad over shelf angle bolts to minimize tearing the flashing.
N.
Weep Holes:
 
** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Alternate weep holes include plastic brick vents or rope wicks. Coordinate with the drawings and add accessory material in Part 2 above if alternate weep hole methods are used. Maximum spacing 24 inches (600 mm) for open head or vent, 16 inches (400 mm) for rope joints.
 
1.
Form weep holes in head joints in first course immediately above flashing by leaving vertical joints free and clean of mortar at least 2 inches (50 mm) high and in accordance with BIA Technical Note 7B "Water Penetration Resistance - Construction and Workmanship".
2.
Keep weep holes and area above flashing free of mortar droppings.
O.
Sealant Recesses:
1.
Leave joints around outside perimeters of exterior doors, window frames, and other wall openings a uniform depth of 3/4 inch (19 mm) and 1/4 to 3/8 inch (6 to 10 mm) wide.
P.
Refer to the Architectural Drawings and manufacturer's details for chimneys, window sills, brick at grade, weep holes, parapet walls and columns, retaining walls, planters, roofing details, overhangs, caulking and sealants, and workmanship.
Q.
Movement (Control) Joints:
1.
Horizontal and vertical to separate masonry into segments to prevent cracking.
2.
Bricks that do not sit on shelf angles shall be separated from bricks that sit on foundations.
3.
Vertical control joints shall be placed either at corners or two joints placed no more than 20 feet (6 meters) apart around the corners. Straight solid walls shall not exceed 40 feet (12 meters) without a control joint. Coordinate with column placement and backup construction as required.
4.
Coordinate control joints with continuous and non-continuous openings such as doors and windows in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
5.
Keep movement joints free of mortar, debris, and reinforcement.
6.
Locate as shown on the Drawings, 3/8 to 1/2 inch (10 to 12 mm) depending on building movement, kept watertight with pre-molded foam or neoprene pad, with exterior sealant backer rod and commercial sealant that can withstand the calculated movement including temperature, moisture movement, creep in concrete, horizontal and vertical deflections, location of horizontal angles, lintels and other supports.
R.
Cutting Brick:
1.
Cut exposed masonry units with motor-driven saw or other methods which provide cuts that are straight and true.
S.
Ties:
1.
Bed Joint Ties: Place with one-half unit width embedment, approximately 2 inches (50 mm) but no less than 5/8 inch (16 mm) mortar cover.
2.
Adjustable Wall Ties: Unless otherwise recommended by the tie manufacturer, place with tight fit for both pushing and pulling with 1/16 inch (1.58 mm) movement.
3.
Spacing:
a.
Flexible anchors to structural framework: 24 inch (600 mm) on center.
b.
Double pintel, flexible anchors, brick to block back-up: 1 tie per 2.6 square feet (.24 square meter) with maximum vertical and horizontal spacing of 24 inches (600 mm).
c.
Standard, one piece, joint reinforcement, brick to block back-up: Maximum vertical spacing of 16 inches (400 mm) on center.
d.
Masonry veneer anchors to steel stud backup, single pintel: 1 tie per 2 square feet (.18 square meters) with maximum vertical spacing of 24 inches (600 mm) and maximum horizontal spacing of 18 inches (450 mm).
e.
At openings: Provide additional ties, spaced not more than 3 feet (914 mm) apart around the perimeter and within 12 inches (300 mm) of the opening.
f.
Tops of Walls and Control Joints: Place ties 8 inches (200 mm) from the edge.
T.
Minimizing Efflorescence:
1.
Limit the amount of moisture that can enter into the brick or masonry in accordance with Project Conditions specified above.
2.
Avoid storm water run off from roofs and slabs above.
3.
Cover openings that remain open during construction until caps, flashing and trims are applied by other trades, for example window sills, parapets, and horizontal joints.
4.
Brickwork shall be allowed to dry completely before attempting to remove efflorescence salts with dry brushing, clear water, or a stiff brush.
U.
At the end of each work day, remove scaffolding boards closest to the wall or angled away from the wall to dump mortar droppings and prevent rainfall from splashing mortar or dirt from the boards onto the newly laid masonry.
3.4
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Construction Tolerances:
1.
Variation from Plumb:
a.
For vertical lines and surfaces of columns, walls and arises do not exceed 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) in 10 feet (3 meters) or 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in a story height not to exceed 20 feet (6 meters), nor 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in 40 feet (12 meters) or more.
b.
For external corners, expansion joints, control joints and other conspicuous lines, do not exceed 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) in any story or 20 feet (6 meters) maximum, nor 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in 40 feet (12 meters) or more.
c.
For vertical alignment of head joints do not exceed plus or minus 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) in 10 feet (3 meters), 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) maximum.
2.
Variation from Level:
a.
For bed joints and lines of exposed lintels, sills, parapets, horizontal grooves and other conspicuous lines, do not exceed 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) in any bay or 20 feet (6 meters) maximum, nor 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in 40 feet (12 meters) or more.
b.
For top surface of bearing walls do not exceed 1/8 inch (3.175 mm) between adjacent floor elements in 10 feet (3 meters) or 1/16 inch (1.58 mm) within the width of a single unit.
3.
Variation in Cross-Section Dimensions:
a.
Columns and thickness of walls shall not exceed minus 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) nor plus 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) from dimensions shown.
4.
Variation in Mortar Joint Thickness:
a.
Do not exceed bed joint thickness indicated by more than plus or minus 1/8 inch (3.175 mm), with a maximum thickness limited to 1/2 inch (12.7 mm).
b.
Do not exceed head joint thickness indicated by more than plus or minus 1/8 inch (3.175 mm).
3.5
CLEANING
A.
Leave work areas clean at the end of each day.
B.
Cut out defective mortar joints and holes in exposed masonry and re-point with mortar.
C.
Clean new masonry to remove excess mortar from the face of the brick.
1.
Clean shortly after laying, the same day if possible, by wiping off the excess mortar using a bristle brush.
2.
If cleaning the same or next day, wash down the wall with water and a brush.
3.
Only as a last resort, chemical cleaners may be used, test inconspicuous area at least 20 square feet (2 square meters), allow to dry 3 to 7 days. Inspect to ensure the mortar is not softened, brick or mortar are not discolored, and cleaner does not bring salts to the surface of the brick. When a cleaning agent is required:
a.
Follow brick manufacturers recommendations and BIA Technical Note 20.
b.
Thoroughly wet surface of masonry.
c.
Scrub with acceptable cleaning agent, avoiding mortar joints.
d.
Wait time as suggested by manufacturer before rinsing with clear water.
e.
Do small sections at a time.
f.
Work from top to bottom, insuring that lower portion of wall is thoroughly wetted when cleaning the upper portion.
g.
Protect all sash, metal lintels and other corrodible parts when masonry is cleaned with acid solution.
D.
Upon completion, remove surplus materials, tools and equipment.
3.6
PROTECTION
A.
Protect installed products until completion of project.
B.
Touch-up, repair or replace damaged products before Substantial Completion.
END OF SECTION